{"id":6050,"date":"2021-11-04T15:59:44","date_gmt":"2021-11-04T14:59:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/brojka2026.local\/?p=6050"},"modified":"2021-12-20T11:33:09","modified_gmt":"2021-12-20T10:33:09","slug":"brief-history-of-animation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/en\/brief-history-of-animation\/","title":{"rendered":"A BRIEF HISTORY OF ANIMATION"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Now, let us start with the basics&#8230; What is animation?<br>If you try to read books about animation or ask Google what animation is, you will find the same or at least a similar answer &#8211; a moving image. More specifically, animation is a series of static images or drawings that &#8220;come to life&#8221; and create the illusion of motion.<br>The term animation itself comes from the Latin <em>anima<\/em> (not anime, to avoid confusion), which means &#8220;living force&#8221; or &#8211; life.<br>Now that we have cleared that up, here is a few words about the history of animation itself:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-in-the-beginning\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>In the beginning<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Some say that the origins of animation go back to the Stone Age, when our ancestors drew animals in various poses on the walls of caves to visually represent their movements. You could say that this is a similar technique to drawing comics, but that&#8217;s another topic&#8230;<br>Let us leave the Stone Age and move on, more specifically, to the 17th century. In Europe, in France, something called <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shadow_play\">shadow play<\/a> appeared. Shadow puppetry has its roots in Asia. According to Wikipedia, it is an ancient form of storytelling and entertainment that uses cut-out paper figures (puppets). The figures are placed between a light source and a transparent screen and then moved. This creates &#8220;animated&#8221; dark shapes (shadows) on a light background.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"355\" src=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5338bef41dd7e7231b85d1230cda8873.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6004\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5338bef41dd7e7231b85d1230cda8873.jpg 473w, https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/5338bef41dd7e7231b85d1230cda8873-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><figcaption><sub>https:\/\/www.pinterest.com.au\/pin\/340866265545764095\/<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Skipping the 18th century and the so-called <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magic_lantern\">magic lantern<\/a>, we jump to the 19th and early 20th century when various visual toys begin to develop and the illusion of movement is created. This is the starting point of film, that is, the film industry as we know it today. But we will exclusively talk about visual toys&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-visual-toys\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>Visual toys<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1825, a device called a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thaumatrope\">thaumatrope<\/a> appeared, developed by William Phillis. It was an extremely popular visual toy that had a cardboard disc with pictures on both sides. The disc was attached to a wire and was rotated, causing the two images to form a kind of animation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1018\" height=\"385\" src=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/thaumatrope-adobestock.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6066\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/thaumatrope-adobestock.jpeg 1018w, https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/thaumatrope-adobestock-300x113.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/thaumatrope-adobestock-768x290.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1018px) 100vw, 1018px\" \/><figcaption><sub>https:\/\/www.fortbendmuseum.org\/blog\/optic-wonder-make-your-own-thaumatrope<\/sub> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A few years later, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=v2t9ttUcLmo\">zoetrope<\/a> appeared. This visual toy was introduced by Milton Bradley as a children&#8217;s toy and became extremely popular. The zoetrope was actually a slotted cylinder. On the inside was a strip of drawings, i.e. a series of drawings, and when the cylinder was rotated, the viewer could see the drawings in motion through the slits &#8211; creating the illusion of movement (animation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"364\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Zoetrope_Black_copy_1024x1024-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6018\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Zoetrope_Black_copy_1024x1024-2.jpg 364w, https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Zoetrope_Black_copy_1024x1024-2-300x297.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px\" \/><figcaption><sub>https:\/\/zoetropeanimation.com\/blogs\/news\/tagged\/zoetrope-inventor<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Various versions of the zoetrope have appeared over the years, so much so that in 1977, French inventor Charles-\u00c9mile Reynau introduced the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eJqp7Dlq66k\">praxinoscope<\/a> &#8211; a more advanced version of the zoetrope that differed from the original despite having the same principle &#8211; it had a mirror in the middle.<br>In addition to these three devices, there have been several other similar and not so similar visual toys over the years. We will just mention them: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dkfpeTaArr4\">flipperbook<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=q6tpTdhP2gA\">kinegram<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aG5erS2GNG0\">zoopraxiscope<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jEw2oWz0iKg\">phonotrope<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-first-animated-film-s\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>First animated film(s)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-PsmLDFaHEI\">Gertie the dinosaur<\/a> by Winsor McCay (1914) is considered one of the first and certainly most famous animated films, it is not the first. Eight years earlier, in 1906, James Stuart Blackton made a short animated film titled <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wGh6maN4l2I\">Humorous phases of funny faces<\/a>, in which he depicted various characters in various situations (blowing out cigarette smoke, twirling an umbrella, taking off a hat, juggling a hat, a dog jumping through a hoop).<br>It is interesting to note that Blackton made this 2-minute animated film using stop-motion, cutout animation, and chalkboard (school) drawing techniques, and it took him about 3000 drawings. For this reason, Blackton is considered by many to be the actual founder of animation and the first animator ever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"716\" src=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Humorous_Phases_of_Funny_Faces_screenshot.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6045\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Humorous_Phases_of_Funny_Faces_screenshot.jpg 950w, https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Humorous_Phases_of_Funny_Faces_screenshot-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Humorous_Phases_of_Funny_Faces_screenshot-768x579.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><figcaption><sub>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humorous_Phases_of_Funny_Faces<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Just two years later, in 1908, French artist <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89mile_Cohl\">\u00c9mile Cohl<\/a> created <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fantasmagorie_(1908_film)\">Fantasmagorie<\/a>, the first animated film made using classical animation methods. Cohl drew the individual images on paper and then shot them on a film negative. He later moved to Fort Lee, New Jersey near New York, where he worked for the French studio <a href=\"https:\/\/eclair.digital\/en\/history-milestones\">\u00c9clair<\/a> and expanded his animation technique in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-from-fleischer-and-disney-to-loony-toons-and-further\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color\"><strong>From Fleischer and Disney to Loony Toons&#8230; and further&#8230;<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The early 1910s were the era of animation studios: Buxton and Dyer, Barr\u00e9 Studio, Bray Productions, Hearst&#8217;s International Film Service&#8230; But of all the studios founded during this time, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fleischerstudios.com\/\">Fleischer Studios<\/a>, founded by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Max_Fleischer\">Max Fleischer<\/a>, was somehow the biggest success in the history of animation.<br>Fleischer Studios became famous for titles like <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Betty_Boop\">Betty Boop<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Popeye_the_Sailor_filmography_(Fleischer_Studios)\">Popeye the Sailor<\/a> (their most popular character), and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superman_(1940s_animated_film_series)\">Superman<\/a> (which also earned them an Oscar nomination in 1941). In 1939, they made their first animated film, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulliver%27s_Travels_(1939_film)\">Gulliver&#8217;s Travels<\/a>. Unfortunately, this was only one of two animated films they produced. The other was <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mr._Bug_Goes_to_Town\">Mr. Bug Goes to Town<\/a> from 1941.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"489\" height=\"363\" src=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/popeye-the-sailor-c2a9-max-fleischer.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6028\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/popeye-the-sailor-c2a9-max-fleischer.jpg 489w, https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/popeye-the-sailor-c2a9-max-fleischer-300x223.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\" \/><figcaption><sub>https:\/\/drgrobsanimationreview.com\/2017\/09\/06\/popeye-the-sailor\/popeye-the-sailor-max-fleischer\/<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 1920s,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7HskWL82GeQ\"> Felix, the Cat<\/a> was published by two authors, Pat Sullivan and Otto Messma. Felix enjoyed great popularity in those years, and a comic strip of the same name was soon published. But with the end of silent movies and the beginning of talkies, Felix lost his popularity, &#8220;thanks&#8221; to Walt Disney and his whistling <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hxf-UHuGobI\">Mickey Mouse<\/a>, who took Felix&#8217;s place, so to speak.<br>As you probably know, Disney became one of the leading animation studios in the years to come, thanks to the success of films like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZGZX5-PAwR8\">The Little Mermaid<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z8tRX7QAVFg\">Bambi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lFzVJEksoDY\">The Lion King<\/a> and many others. Today, Disney is much more than that, but that&#8217;s another story.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/36472843_303.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6032\" width=\"749\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/36472843_303.jpg 700w, https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/36472843_303-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 749px) 100vw, 749px\" \/><figcaption><sub>https:\/\/www.dw.com\/es\/bambi-cumple-75-a%C3%B1os\/g-40017654<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Thanks to the development of computer technology, Disney also gave birth to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/company\/co0017902?ref_=ttco_co_2\">Pixar<\/a> (full name Pixar Animation Studio), which soon became the leading studio for computer animated films thanks to titles like Toy Story 1-4, Finding Nemo, Up, Inside out, Coco, Ratatouille and many others.<br>And along with Pixar, studios like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/company\/co0129164?ref_=ttco_co_1\">DreamWorks Animation<\/a> (Shrek 1-4, How to train your Dragon 1-3, Madagascar 1-3, Kung Fu Panda 1-3), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/company\/co0047265?ref_=ttco_co_2\">Blue Sky Studios<\/a> (Ice Age 1-4, Robots, Rio) have also found their place in the sun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1350678-edited-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6038\" srcset=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1350678-edited-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1350678-edited-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1350678-edited-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/brojka.hr\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/1350678-edited.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><sub>https:\/\/wallpaperaccess.com\/toy-story<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Besides Disney and their <a href=\"http:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=ZGZX5-PAwR8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Little Mermaid<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=z8tRX7QAVFg\">Bambi<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lFzVJEksoDY\">The Lion King<\/a>, many other animated titles, with the development of television in the 1950s and 1960s, TV animation has also developed over the decades: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=60nn8xdIcCg\">Tom &amp; Jerry<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=W2H8y6PPsfY\">Looney Toons<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7yeA7a0uS3A\"> He- Man<\/a> and many other cartoons we grew up with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Finally, we will mention anime and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/company\/co0048420?ref_=ttco_co_2\">Studio Ghibli<\/a>, because it would just be wrong not to mention them. But that&#8217;s an incredibly broad topic that we may cover on another occasion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>We hope you found this brief history of animation interesting and educational.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>p.s. check out our services <a href=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/en\/2d-animation\/\">2D Animation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/en\/3d-animation\/\">3D Animation<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/brojka.hr\/en\/creative-solutions\/\">Creative Solutions<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Now, let us start with the basics&#8230; What is animation?If you try to read books about animation or ask Google what animation is, you will find the same or at least a similar answer &#8211; a moving image. More specifically, animation is a series of static images or drawings that &#8220;come to life&#8221; and create [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":6055,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[311],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-creative"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A BRIEF HISTORY OF ANIMATION - Brojka Kreativnih Produkcija<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Let us start with the basics... 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